Resources

We have provided references on project background and on drafting certain components of a project proposal. HPRIL applicants are not required to use any of these resources in the creation of their proposals.

WIC Retention Background

• Driscoll, A., & Osterman, M, (2018). Maternal Characteristics of Prenatal WIC Receipt in the United States, 2016. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Food and Nutrition Service. (2018a). WIC Program Participation and Costs.
• Liu, C.H., & Liu, H. (2016). Concerns and structural barriers associated with WIC participation among WIC-eligible women. Public Health Nursing, 33(5), 395-402.
• Oliveira, V. & Frazão, E. (2015). The WIC Program: Background, Trends, and Economic Issues, 2015 Edition, EIB-134, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. 
• Panzera, A. D., Bryant, C. A., Hawkins, F., Goff, R., Napier, A., Schneider, T., O’Rourke, K. (2017). Mapping a WIC Mother’s Journey: A Preliminary Analysis. Social Marketing Quarterly, 23(2), 137–154.
• Panzera, A., Bryant, C., Hawkins, F., Goff, R., Napier, A., Kirby, R., Coulter, M., Sappenfield, W.,  Baldwine, J., O’Rourke, K. (2017). Audience Segmentation of Kentucky Mothers by Nonparticipation Status in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 29:1, 98-118.
• Pati, S., Siewert, E., Wong, A., Bhatt, S., Calixte, R., Cnaan, A. (2014). The influence of maternal health literacy and child's age on participation in social welfare programs. Maternal Child Health Journal, 18, 1176-89.
•  Trippe, C., Tadler, C., Johnson, P., Giannarelli, L., Betson, D. (2018, February). National- and State-Level Estimates of WIC Eligibles and WIC Program Reach in 2015. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
• Whaley, S., Whaley, M., Au, L., Gurzo, K., & Ritchie, L. (2017). Breastfeeding Is Associated with Higher Retention in WIC After Age 1. Journal Nutrition Education and Behavior, 49, 810-816.
• Weber, S.J., Wichelecki, J., Chavez, N., Bess, S., Reese, L. Odoms-Young, A. (2018). Understanding the factors influencing low-income caregivers’perceived value of a federal nutrition programme, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Public Health Nutrition. Accepted 23 October 2018.
• Tiehen, Laura, and Alison Jacknowitz. (2010). WIC Participation Patterns: An Investigation of Delayed Entry & Early Exit. ERR-109, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

Clinical, Management, and Retail Strategies to Address WIC Retention

Summaries of Existing Work Addressing Retention

1. National WIC Association. (2018). WIC Outreach and Retention Survey Report.
2. U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2014). Summary of WIC State Agency Strategies for Increasing Child Retention.

General Opportunity Areas

1. California WIC Association. (2018). TeleWIC: Keeping Up with the Times
2. Dockray, H., Silas, J., Eppes, E., Machell, G., Neuberger, Z. (February 2019). Launching New Digital Tools for WIC Participants: A Guide for WIC Agencies. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Social Interest Solutions, and National WIC Association.
3. Gilbert, D., Nanda, J., & Paige, D. (2014). Securing the safe net: Concurrent participation in income eligible assistance programs. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18, 604-612.
4. Grodsky, D., Violante, A., Barrows, A., Gosliner, W. (2017). Using Behavioral Science to Improve the WIC Experience: Lessons for the Field from San Jose. ideas42.  http://www.ideas42.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/I42_WIC-Paper-Final.pdf.
5. Neuberger, Z. (2016). Modernizing and Streamlining WIC Eligibility Determination and Enrollment Processes. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Washington, DC.

Specific Studies and Projects

• Au, LE, Whaley, S., Gurzo, K., Meza, M., & Ritchie, LD. (2016). If You Build It They Will Come: Satisfaction of WIC Participants With Online and Traditional In-Person Nutrition Education. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 48, 336-342.
• Bensley, R., Hovis, A., Horton, K., Loyo, J., Bensley, K., Phillips, D., & Desmangles, C. (2014). Accessibility and Preferred Use of Online Web Applications Among WIC Participants with Internet Access. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46(3), S87–S92.
• Biediger-Friedman, L. Crixell, S., Silva, M., Markides, B., Smith, K. (2016). User-centered Design of a Texas WIC App: A Focus Group Investigation. American Journal of Health Behavior, 40 (4), 461-471.
• Biediger-Friedman, L., Silva, M., Smith, K. (2018). A Focus Group Study Observing Maternal Intention to Use a WIC Education App. American Journal of Health Behavior, 42(6), 110-123.
• Brusk, J.J. & Bensley, R.J. (2016). A Comparison of Mobile and Fixed Device Access on User Engagement Associated with Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Online Nutrition Education. JMIR Research Protocols, 5, e216.
• Collin R. Payne, Mihai Niculescu, Joanne F. Guthrie & Lisa Mancino. (2018). Can a Better Understanding of WIC Customer Experiences Increase Benefit Redemption and Help Control Program Food Costs?, Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 13(2), 143-153.
• Colorado WIC Program. (2015). Texting for Retention Program. Final Report: WIC Special Project Grant, Fiscal Year 2014. Denver, CO: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment.
• Crixell, S.H., Markides, B.R., Biediger-Friedman, L., Reat, A., Bishop, N. (2018). Designing a WIC App to Improve Health Behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis. Journal MTM, 7(2), 7–16.
• Harari, N., Rosenthanl, S.R., Bozzi, V., Goeschel L., Jayewickreme, T., Onyebeke, C., Griswold, M., Perez-Esamilla, R. (2018). Feasibility and Acceptability of a Text Message Intervention Used as an Adjunct Tool by WIC Breastfeeding Peer Counsellors: The LATCH Pilot. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 14(1), e12488. Wiley Online Library.
• Hull, P., Emerson, J. S., Quirk, M. E., Canedo, J.R., Jones, J. L., Vylegzhanina, V., Schmidt, D.C., Mulvaney, S. A., Beech, B. M., Briley, C., Harris, C., Husaini, B. A. (2017). A Smartphone App for Families with Preschool-Aged Children in a Public Nutrition Program: Prototype Development and Beta-Testing. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 5(8), 102.
• Illinois WIC, UIC Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Illinois Academy of Family Physicians, Illinois chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. (2015). WIC to 5. Pocket Guide for Health Care Providers.
• Martinez-Brockman, J. L., Harari, N., Perez-Escamilla, R. (2018). Lactation Advice through Texting Can Help: An Analysis of Intensity of Engagement via Two-Way Text Messaging. Journal of Health Communication, 23 (1), 40–51.
• Martinez-Brockman, J. L., Harari, N., Segura-Perez, S., Goeschel, L., Bozzi, V., Perez-Escamilla, R. (2018). Impact of the Lactation Advice Through Texting Can Help (LATCH) Trial on Time to First Contact and Exclusive Breastfeeding among WIC Participants. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 50 (1), 33-42.
• Power, J. M., Braun, K. L., Bersamin, A. (2017).  Exploring the Potential for Technology-Based Nutrition Education Among WIC Recipients in Remote Alaska Native Communities. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 49 (7S2), 186-191.
• Sekhobo, J.P., Peck, S.R., Byun, Y., Allsopp, M. A. K., Holbrook, M.K., Edmunds, L.S., Yu, C. (2017). Use of a Mixed-Method Approach to Evaluate the Implementation of Retention Promotion Strategies in the New York State WIC Program. Evaluation and Program Planning, 63, 7–17.
• Weber, S.J., Dawson, D., Greene, H., Hull, P.C. (2018). Mobile Phone Apps for Low-Income Participants in a Public Health Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): Review and Analysis of Features. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 6 (11), e12261.
• Vermont State WIC Program. (2017). WIC2FIVE: Using Mobile Health Education Messaging to Support Program Retention. Vermont 2014 WIC Special Project Mini-Grant. Final Report. Burlington, VT: Vermont Department of Health WIC Program.

Proposal Drafting Resources

1. March of Dimes Hawaii Chapter. (2004). “SMART” Objectives.
2. W.K. Kellogg Foundation. (2017). The Step-by-Step Guide to Evaluation: How to Become Savvy Evaluation Consumers.

Innovation Methods Resources

Explore How Design Innovation Methods Can Help Enhance Traditional Public Health Methods for Program Planning and Evaluation

1. Lister, C., Payne, H., Hanson, C.L., Barnes, M.D., Davis, S.F., Manwaring, T. (2017). The Public Health Innovation Model: Merging Private Sector Processes with Public Health Strengths. Front Public Health, 5, 192.
2. Chan, K. (2018). A Design Thinking Mindset Beyond the Public Health Model. World Medical & Health Policy, 10(1), 111-119.
3. Altman, M., Huang, T.T.K., Breland, J.Y. (2018). Design Thinking in Health Care. Prev Chronic Dis, 15 (180128).

Enhance Your Problem Definition and Strengthen the Case for Your Innovative Tool Choice with Human-Centered Design Research

1. More details on user research data collection and analysis methods can be found on the Design Kit website by IDEO.org or download their The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design.

Think Creatively to Generate Innovative Tools to Test in Your Target Population

1. Mashup Ideation Method: IDEO U. (2015). Ideation Method: Mash-Up.
2. Other ideation methods found on the Design Kit website by IDEO.org or in their The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design.